One of the main problems currently crossing relations within Latin American societies is violence and segregation as a legitimate mode of interaction daily and in large settlements. Behind the apparent social harmony in urban communities are hidden phenomenon of tribalism highly dangerous to modern Western civilization Although Maffesoli say there has been a decline of individualism in mass societies, this reduction has not been in favor of nation-state but instead has encouraged the development of standards related to tribal life. The tribe concept used here refers not only those youth subcultures, but relations involving society as a whole to which it adds a space constraint. Perhaps the tribe concept appears inappropriate given the tremendous debate its definition still causes, yet it is this which appears more appropriate to incorporate the concept of community may become more understandable and is a community-tribal. Imperceptibly in Western cities has been producing a split in the urban space, generated by segregation (exclusion) policy, social, environmental urban and certain groups in society who tend to become autonomous. In most South American cities urban segregation is a difficult problem, there is a specific area fairly well defined in the communities inhabiting the economic and political power, in another sector of the city live in the communities associated with the class way appropriate to the system but living without taking their own decisions and in other territories are socially marginalized. Each of these spaces has its own culture (including beliefs and language), a very well-defined territory, reduced to specific clans relations, a common identity and even a form of economic and political organization itself (as for instance the crime to the economy parallel and its own rules and sanctions). These communities, tribes are increasingly distanced from one another and less interstitial space Meeting Be used as the theoretic concept developed by Bourdieu's doxa, since it allows us to understand and grasp somehow submission against domination. The author develops the concept understood as "the set of beliefs and social practices that are considered normal in a social context, which in turn, are accepted without question." The social origins of these beliefs and practices and their operating principles are unknown to the agents, however, the criteria and ways of proceeding promoted by such beliefs and practice are usually recognized as socially valid. Therein lies its effectiveness symbolic doxa is a condition to maintain the status quo in a society without questioning the society itself. The pillars of the neoliberal model of development, are part of classical liberal ideas, such as the importance of the individual, the limited role of the state and the value of the free market. This is based on that if individuals are free to pursue their own interests, the collective consequences will be far more beneficial than government intervention. It then replaced the "monistic concept of independent government economic, by the pluralistic concept that government is a collection of individuals, which produce public goods for another set of individuals who value these goods based on individual preferences". The last proposition is, moreover, the basis of so-called methodological individualism, that is, from a theoretical point of view, the heart of liberal theory. In summary and from a modern perspective, neoliberalism can be defined as the belief that government intervention usually does not work and that the market usually does. Social exclusion and structural violence flourish contained within this economic development model, pushing back to the states as stabilizing elements or balancing of the scales, imposing an absolute market as regulator. This has resulted in some political and intellectual circles the idea that tends to recognize this as the sole ideological basis and without opposition, which has slowed the construction of theoretical alternatives. However, the theory is far outweighed by the practice of people who suffer the brunt of the model, people without political leadership have made this their discontent The imminent danger is given by the effects these violent demonstrations and inorganic peoples have in governance. And the World Health Organization, states that: "To explain the etiology of violence only by individual characteristics of biological or psychological origin, essence and reduce blurring effects of the interactive process between individuals and between them and their particular social environments. The reason for the violence must be found at the junction of negative factors of the individual and society. Overcrowding, malnutrition, unemployment and deterioration of the family that impose inequality and poverty, largely favoring the development of aggressive behavior patterns of family conflict resolution and community. The frustrations resulting from the struggle for survival in situations of inequality and marginalization are factors that facilitate aggressive behavior. Furthermore, the maintenance of these conditions of asymmetry involves the exercise of violence. Faced with weakening of the apparatus of justice and legal control and the persistence of social conditions can generate or reinforce cultures of violence that legitimate force as a means to resolve frustrations, disagreements and conflicts. Likewise, the violence is expressed in both stages of the private and public life, in relations between citizens and between them and their states. Threat and the construction and consolidation of democratic and social processes of democratization of societies." The study of these situations, is fundamental when developing actions conducive to improving quality of life of people of their development could be possible to foresee conflicts, contribute to the cohesion and hence governance. Without being evolutionist way of Morgan, Tylor, or Maine, the idea of a return to the past is present in this thesis is understood as the tribal stage as a separate step and prior to the States. When referring to large settlements are talking about capital cities. The rationale behind this urban focus is given by the fact that in most Western countries the rural-urban migration is a process that has taken over much of the population to urban areas especially capital, is, by Therefore, the events in these areas that mostly affect the national changes. When we speak of violence in this study refers to violence, cultural, social, and political (symbolic and explicit) in this urban space based on the direct and sequential these types of violence. The concept of governance will be utilized in a broad sense, understanding it as "the ability of society to govern itself by and through its own people, including the elected government," ie, the term governance as conditions for each region or country to order their performance so that permits the human, social, economic, cultural and political, and thus can resolve conflicts peacefully General objective of thesis is Describe, analyze and bring into perspective the impact that can have the consolidation of existing forms of community organization - tribal western civilization. Specific objectives of that work is: Describe and explain the relationship between urban segregation and the formation and behavior of communities-tribes in Western cities; Describe and analyze the characteristics that define the various types of community-dwelling tribal cities in terms of culture, defined territory, reduced to specific clans relations, common identity and shape their own political and economic organization; Identify the interstitial spaces of encounter between different tribal communities, living in cities.; Describe and analyze the impacts of new communities, tribal organization of society is today in the socio-political system; Contribute to the generation of proposals from both the public sector and civil society to improve social cohesion in urban spaces. This study is an experimental not as the researcher observed the phenomenon of the emergence of communities, tribes in urban space such that these are manifested, without intervening in its development. It Is raised in turn from a perspective that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches as the author of the thesis are understood as necessarily complementary research work. The research will be descriptive explanatory, descriptive while trying to establish an approach to the representation constructed by community members, tribal and urban space as explanatory analyze the link between segregation and the emergence of the phenomenon of communities, tribes in urban space. Research in terms of time shall be a transactional, as it seeks to collect and analyze information from specific points of time. Relevance and feasibility of implementation of the research project is that a reading of the urban reality that clarifies the new logic of human settlements is a very researched, clearly there are jobs around the violence and segregation, but very few work from a logic of tribal conflict. The analysis of what is happening today in the western cities is perfectly possible with good design which allowed to take 3 or 4 representative cases during the time to develop the thesis. Scope and potentials impact of research results will be that the impact of the results on the quality of life in cities can be extremely important if it can effectively describe and analyze the phenomenon, as this would allow the design of public policies aimed at strengthening social cohesion. The compression is not the phenomenon in its real magnitude would result in a national state to face an almost impossible task conflict. As reflected in the facts presented, urban segregation, violence, socio-political relations have always been for research themes developed in my professional life. Given my graduate degree in sociology and social work and my strong ties to the political world, the impact of my work is not only linked to the academic world but is projected onto a practice and policy of its own and through my students .
One of the main problems currently crossing relations within Latin American societies is violence and segregation as a legitimate mode of interaction daily and in large settlements. Behind the apparent social harmony in urban communities are hidden phenomenon of tribalism highly dangerous to modern Western civilization Although Maffesoli say there has been a decline of individualism in mass societies, this reduction has not been in favor of nation-state but instead has encouraged the development of standards related to tribal life. The tribe concept used here refers not only those youth subcultures, but relations involving society as a whole to which it adds a space constraint. Perhaps the tribe concept appears inappropriate given the tremendous debate its definition still causes, yet it is this which appears more appropriate to incorporate the concept of community may become more understandable and is a community-tribal. Imperceptibly in Western cities has been producing a split in the urban space, generated by segregation (exclusion) policy, social, environmental urban and certain groups in society who tend to become autonomous. In most South American cities urban segregation is a difficult problem, there is a specific area fairly well defined in the communities inhabiting the economic and political power, in another sector of the city live in the communities associated with the class way appropriate to the system but living without taking their own decisions and in other territories are socially marginalized. Each of these spaces has its own culture (including beliefs and language), a very well-defined territory, reduced to specific clans relations, a common identity and even a form of economic and political organization itself (as for instance the crime to the economy parallel and its own rules and sanctions). These communities, tribes are increasingly distanced from one another and less interstitial space Meeting Be used as the theoretic concept developed by Bourdieu's doxa, since it allows us to understand and grasp somehow submission against domination. The author develops the concept understood as "the set of beliefs and social practices that are considered normal in a social context, which in turn, are accepted without question." The social origins of these beliefs and practices and their operating principles are unknown to the agents, however, the criteria and ways of proceeding promoted by such beliefs and practice are usually recognized as socially valid. Therein lies its effectiveness symbolic doxa is a condition to maintain the status quo in a society without questioning the society itself. The pillars of the neoliberal model of development, are part of classical liberal ideas, such as the importance of the individual, the limited role of the state and the value of the free market. This is based on that if individuals are free to pursue their own interests, the collective consequences will be far more beneficial than government intervention. It then replaced the "monistic concept of independent government economic, by the pluralistic concept that government is a collection of individuals, which produce public goods for another set of individuals who value these goods based on individual preferences". The last proposition is, moreover, the basis of so-called methodological individualism, that is, from a theoretical point of view, the heart of liberal theory. In summary and from a modern perspective, neoliberalism can be defined as the belief that government intervention usually does not work and that the market usually does. Social exclusion and structural violence flourish contained within this economic development model, pushing back to the states as stabilizing elements or balancing of the scales, imposing an absolute market as regulator. This has resulted in some political and intellectual circles the idea that tends to recognize this as the sole ideological basis and without opposition, which has slowed the construction of theoretical alternatives. However, the theory is far outweighed by the practice of people who suffer the brunt of the model, people without political leadership have made this their discontent The imminent danger is given by the effects these violent demonstrations and inorganic peoples have in governance. And the World Health Organization, states that: "To explain the etiology of violence only by individual characteristics of biological or psychological origin, essence and reduce blurring effects of the interactive process between individuals and between them and their particular social environments. The reason for the violence must be found at the junction of negative factors of the individual and society. Overcrowding, malnutrition, unemployment and deterioration of the family that impose inequality and poverty, largely favoring the development of aggressive behavior patterns of family conflict resolution and community. The frustrations resulting from the struggle for survival in situations of inequality and marginalization are factors that facilitate aggressive behavior. Furthermore, the maintenance of these conditions of asymmetry involves the exercise of violence. Faced with weakening of the apparatus of justice and legal control and the persistence of social conditions can generate or reinforce cultures of violence that legitimate force as a means to resolve frustrations, disagreements and conflicts. Likewise, the violence is expressed in both stages of the private and public life, in relations between citizens and between them and their states. Threat and the construction and consolidation of democratic and social processes of democratization of societies." The study of these situations, is fundamental when developing actions conducive to improving quality of life of people of their development could be possible to foresee conflicts, contribute to the cohesion and hence governance. Without being evolutionist way of Morgan, Tylor, or Maine, the idea of a return to the past is present in this thesis is understood as the tribal stage as a separate step and prior to the States. When referring to large settlements are talking about capital cities. The rationale behind this urban focus is given by the fact that in most Western countries the rural-urban migration is a process that has taken over much of the population to urban areas especially capital, is, by Therefore, the events in these areas that mostly affect the national changes. When we speak of violence in this study refers to violence, cultural, social, and political (symbolic and explicit) in this urban space based on the direct and sequential these types of violence. The concept of governance will be utilized in a broad sense, understanding it as "the ability of society to govern itself by and through its own people, including the elected government," ie, the term governance as conditions for each region or country to order their performance so that permits the human, social, economic, cultural and political, and thus can resolve conflicts peacefully General objective of thesis is Describe, analyze and bring into perspective the impact that can have the consolidation of existing forms of community organization - tribal western civilization. Specific objectives of that work is: Describe and explain the relationship between urban segregation and the formation and behavior of communities-tribes in Western cities; Describe and analyze the characteristics that define the various types of community-dwelling tribal cities in terms of culture, defined territory, reduced to specific clans relations, common identity and shape their own political and economic organization; Identify the interstitial spaces of encounter between different tribal communities, living in cities.; Describe and analyze the impacts of new communities, tribal organization of society is today in the socio-political system; Contribute to the generation of proposals from both the public sector and civil society to improve social cohesion in urban spaces. This study is an experimental not as the researcher observed the phenomenon of the emergence of communities, tribes in urban space such that these are manifested, without intervening in its development. It Is raised in turn from a perspective that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches as the author of the thesis are understood as necessarily complementary research work. The research will be descriptive explanatory, descriptive while trying to establish an approach to the representation constructed by community members, tribal and urban space as explanatory analyze the link between segregation and the emergence of the phenomenon of communities, tribes in urban space. Research in terms of time shall be a transactional, as it seeks to collect and analyze information from specific points of time. Relevance and feasibility of implementation of the research project is that a reading of the urban reality that clarifies the new logic of human settlements is a very researched, clearly there are jobs around the violence and segregation, but very few work from a logic of tribal conflict. The analysis of what is happening today in the western cities is perfectly possible with good design which allowed to take 3 or 4 representative cases during the time to develop the thesis. Scope and potentials impact of research results will be that the impact of the results on the quality of life in cities can be extremely important if it can effectively describe and analyze the phenomenon, as this would allow the design of public policies aimed at strengthening social cohesion. The compression is not the phenomenon in its real magnitude would result in a national state to face an almost impossible task conflict. As reflected in the facts presented, urban segregation, violence, socio-political relations have always been for research themes developed in my professional life. Given my graduate degree in sociology and social work and my strong ties to the political world, the impact of my work is not only linked to the academic world but is projected onto a practice and policy of its own and through my students .
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